Voice over IP is basically a way of communicating using analog signals that we hear on the phone through digital signals in IP network. In the practical situation this can be used by anyone connected to a IP network such as internet, making free voice calls through a free VoIP software. available. As seen on the diagram below your personal computer can work as the same way your telephone works because of the VoIP technology.
There are three different types of VoIP services which are of common use today.
ATA
This is the most common and the simplest method, using a converter which converts analog signals to digital signals. Equipment like a modem would do this. It takes analog signals and converts in to digital signals and vice versa. Normal analog signals exist in traditional telephones can be converted into digital signals using this ATA instruments. In the normal internet connection context, modem converts the data transferred using analog signals to digital signals which is interpretable by the computer.
IP Phones
This instrument looks like a normal phone but with different connector. Instead of the normal RJ-11 connector these phones comprised of the Ethernet connector RJ-45 cable and directly connected to the router. The relevant hardware and software would be associated with it in order to ensure the guaranteed service throughout.
Computer to computer
The easiest way of communication, no payments involved. As the current context there are some software entities which provides software which supports that. The famous example would by Skype.
There are many advantages of using VoIP services
More than two person conversations
Cheap use of hardware and software
Extra features such as Caller ID, Contact list, Voice mail etc
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